Loan Modification Attorney asked:


You know what a mortgage is, how it works, and what to watch out for. But when you go asking for mortgage assistance, your lender’s words make about as much sense as alien banter. That’s what makes the Loan Modification process so confusing for many homeowners—and why many of them simply give up.

But you don’t have to be a financial expert to make sound decisions. A working knowledge of the lending and loan modification industry can help you better understand your situation, and know exactly what your lenders mean. Below is a list of terms you’re likely encounter in a loan modification, and what they mean for you.

Amortization: The repayment of a loan (usually a mortgage) through regular installments. The payments are determined by the term of the loan, the principal balance, and the interest rate.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR): The total cost of the loan, including the interest, mortgage insurance, points, and other associated fees.

Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): A type of mortgage in which the interest rate changes according to market conditions. This means your payments may increase or decrease from month to month. Most ARMs have a payment cap that keeps the amount from rising beyond certain levels.

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI): The ratio of the amount you pay on the loan to your total income. Lenders use this to determine whether or not you can comfortably pay the loan. According to the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the mortgage payments should not exceed 29% of your monthly income before taxes, and your total debt (including credit cards and other loans) should not go over 41%.

Deed-in-lieu: A deed that passes interest in your property to your lender as settlement for your debt. It doesn’t let you keep your home, but it helps you avoid the foreclosure proceedings and associated costs.

Equity: The amount of financial interest you have in your own property. This is calculated by subtracting the amount you still owe from your home’s fair market value.

Fair market value (FMV): A theoretical price given to your home considering the current market conditions. The FMV assumes that the buyer and seller are acting freely and have all the pertinent information for the deal.

Fixed-rate mortgage: A type of mortgage that uses a fixed interest rate throughout the term of the loan. This gives you more stability as a borrower, as your payments will remain the same regardless of the market figures.

Foreclosure: A process wherein your property is sold off and the proceeds go to your lender, allowing them to recover their losses when you default on the loan.

Forbearance: An agreement in which your lender revises your payment plan to help you get current and avoid foreclosure. This may involve lowering your monthly payments or suspending them for a given period. Unlike loan modification, this is usually temporary and is often used as a loss mitigation option.

Good faith estimate (GFE): An estimate of the total cost of the loan, including all the closing fees, lender charges, and insurance costs. All lenders are required to give you a GFE within three days after you apply for a loan.

Interest: A percentage of the principal added to your monthly fees, as a way of paying your lender for the use of money.

Interest Only: A loan structure in which you only pay interest for the life of the loan, and pay the principal only after a given period.

Lien: A claim held by your lender against your property as a form of security in case you default on the loan.

Loan-to-value ratio (LTV): The ratio of the total amount you pay on the loan to the actual price of your home. The higher the LTV, the less you have to put out as down payment.

Loss mitigation: A process that helps borrowers to avoid foreclosure and lenders to minimize their losses on delinquent borrowers. When you fall behind or apply for a loan modification, your lender’s Loss Mitigation office will handle your case and make the decisions.

Mortgage banker: A firm that resells loans to secondary lenders, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Mortgage broker: A person or company that serves as a mediator between agents, buyers, sellers, and mortgage lenders. Brokers are paid by a percentage of the amount earned by the lender or seller. Lenders are required by law to disclose all fees paid to brokers and other parties, so you can be sure they’re not making kickbacks at your expense.

Mortgage insurance: An insurance policy that helps minimize losses for your lender in case you fail to keep up with payments. This is usually required for borrowers who make a down payment lower than 20% of the purchase price.

Principal Balance Reduction: A type of loan modification in which your lender reduces your principal balance to lower your monthly payments. Lenders usually grant this only to people from heavily depreciated areas, or when the amount they write off is still lower than the cost of foreclosing on your home.

Refinancing: A process wherein you take out one loan to pay off another. This allows you to enjoy better loan terms, such as a lower interest rate or a more stable structure.

RESPA: Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. This is a law that requires all lenders to give you a Good Faith Estimate (GFE) of the loan and disclose all the fees involved. It also gives you the right to dispute any fees or even cancel the loan within a reasonable time frame.

Short sale: A common alternative to foreclosure. In a short sale, you sell the home for less than its fair market value, and give the proceeds to your lender as payment for the home. Although it won’t let you keep your home, it’s less damaging to your credit than a foreclosure.

Teaser Rate: An introductory interest rate offered on many mortgages to draw in borrowers. After the introductory period, the interest reverts to normal rates, increasing your monthly payments for the rest of the loan.

Teaser Rate: A temporary rate reduction at the inset of a loan.

TILA: Truth in Lending Act, also known as the National Consumer Credit Protection Act. This law requires lenders to give you complete information about the terms and total cost of the loan.

Ken Black asked:


When it comes to getting the house that you have been seeking, or leveraging the equity in your existing home to get the things in life you need, you will find that there are a number of different Home Mortgages designed to meet your credit needs.

Buying a home is one of the largest expenses that most of us cannot incur without applying first for a home loan. Because your home is your kingdom, and your most valuable possession, buying any type of real estate is perhaps the most important decision that any individual will make in his or her lifetime.

A typical Home Mortgage Application requires considerable paperwork, including details on your employment record, and the type of house you want to buy in order to determine the loan you need among the different types available, such as Rural Housing Loans, VA Loans, FHA Loans, and so on.

Furthermore, lenders will require exact details of your personal finances, a copy of your latest pay stubs and income tax notice of assessment if you are an employee, or financial statements, if you are self employed. It will obviously be an easier process if you are just renewing an existing mortgage, instead of getting your first one.

For existing real estate owners, home mortgage refinancing can bring additional benefits when home mortgages are obtained under different interest rate schemes, as an example, from an Adjustable Rate Mortgage (ARM) to a Fixed-Rate, although that is a decision you should make with great caution, depending on the amount of time you plan on being in your home.

Another important consideration when applying for home loans, is your credit score. A lender can reject your application if you have not established credit yet, or your credit is not good. Even then, Bad Credit Mortgage Loans are available for those who have bad credit, poor credit, damaged credit, or no credit at all, as well as for people with a previous foreclosure, bankruptcy, and other credit report issues. The only problem is that the interest rates will be higher and there may be other requirements, like a longer pay back term, or other restrictions.

Considering all of this, it is better if you try to repair your credit score before applying for a regular home mortgage.

If you want to get a loan for home repairs, for your childrens college tuition, to supplement your retirement income, or for other important reasons, consider getting a home equity loan.

A Home Equity Loan always requires that you own a home, which is used as collateral, to get the money you need. You are granted a loan based on how much equity is available in your existing mortgage. If your mortage was for two hundred thousand dollars and you have paid off half of that, then your home equity loan would likely be for a maximum of that difference of one hundred thousand dollars, depending also on the current value of your home.

If you are unsure of the benefits of one mortgage loan compared to another, research online at the various financial institution or related websites. For example, at www.fanniemae.com, you will find a wealth of information about home mortgages, while the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development provides excellent information at www.hud.gov.

Because knowledge is power, taking the time to learn more about home mortgages can make the difference in making your dream home come true, in finding the funds to improve your life situation, or not.